泛在图书馆与高校图书馆员

泛在图书馆是图书馆新的发展方向,泛在知识环境的到来,将使图书馆社会地位和整体功能发生巨变。通过对泛在图书馆及高校图书馆员未来的展望,强调图书馆馆员职业需要危机意识、责任意识和创新意识。阐述泛在图书馆、泛在知识服务对图书馆员知识结构与专业能力的要求,提出要提高图书馆员综合素质,以适应未来社会的挑战。     

天线组阵中SUMPLE算法的合成相位漂移补偿

针对SUMPLE算法在低信噪比时存在的相位漂移问题,在分析权值估计误差引起的合成信号相位漂移现象的基础上,提出一种以固定时刻合成权值作为参考的补偿算法。该算法以收敛后某个固定时刻的合成权值作为参考,其他时刻的相位补偿值通过与该参考权值进行相关计算得到。从理论上分析了该算法的可行性,并进行仿真验证。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给出的相位补偿方法能有效地消除合成信号的相位漂移现象,补偿后的合成信号相位中心稳定。     

Ionization effect of solar protons in the Earth atmosphere – Case study of the 20 January 2005 SEP event

The cosmic ray ground level enhancement on January 20, 2005 is among the largest recorded events in the history of cosmic ray measurements. The solar protons of MeV energies cause an excess of ionization in the atmosphere, specifically over polar caps following major solar disturbances. The ionization effect in the Earth atmosphere is obtained for various latitudes on the basis of solar proton energy spectra, reconstructed from GOES 11 measurements and subsequent full Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade. The estimation of ionization rates is based on a numerical model for cosmic ray induced ionization. The evolution of atmospheric cascade is performed with the CORSIKA 6.52 code using FLUKA 2006b and QGSJET II hadron interaction models. The atmospheric ion rate ionization is explicitly obtained for 40°N, 60°N and 80°N latitudes. The time evolution of obtained ion rates is presented. It is demonstrated that ionization effect is negative for 40°N and small for 60°N, because of accompanying Forbush decrease. The ionization effect is significant only in sub-polar and polar atmosphere during the major ground level enhancement of 20 January 2005.     

The possibilities of polar meteorology,environmental remote sensing,communications and space weather applications from Artificial Lagrange Orbit

The ability to observe meteorological events in the polar regions of the Earth from satellite celebrated an anniversary, with the launch of TIROS-I in a pseudo-polar orbit on 1 April 1960. Yet, after 50 years, polar orbiting satellites are still the best view of the polar regions of the Earth. The luxuries of geostationary satellite orbit including rapid scan operations, feature tracking, and atmospheric motion vectors (or cloud drift winds), are enjoyed only by the middle and tropical latitudes or perhaps only cover the deep polar regions in the case of satellite derived winds from polar orbit. The prospect of a solar sailing satellite system in an Artificial Lagrange Orbit (ALO, also known as “pole sitters”) offers the opportunity for polar environmental remote sensing, communications, forecasting and space weather monitoring. While there are other orbital possibilities to achieve this goal, an ALO satellite system offers one of the best analogs to the geostationary satellite system for routine polar latitude observations.     

Feasibility of performing space surveillance tasks with a proposed space-based optical architecture

Under ESA contract an industrial consortium including Aboa Space Research Oy (ASRO), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), and the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), proposed the observation concept, developed a suitable sensor architecture, and assessed the performance of a space-based optical (SBO) telescope in 2005. The goal of the SBO study was to analyse how the existing knowledge gap in the space debris population in the millimetre and centimetre regime may be closed by means of a passive optical instrument. The SBO instrument was requested to provide statistical information on the space debris population in terms of number of objects and size distribution. The SBO instrument was considered to be a cost-efficient with 20 cm aperture and 6° field-of-view and having flexible integration requirements. It should be possible to integrate the SBO instrument easily as a secondary payload on satellites launched into low-Earth orbits (LEO), or into geostationary orbit (GEO). Thus the selected mission concept only allowed for fix-mounted telescopes, and the pointing direction could be requested freely. Since 2007 ESA focuses space surveillance and tracking activities in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) preparatory program. Ground-based radars and optical telescopes are studied for the build-up and maintenance of a catalogue of objects. In this paper we analyse how the proposed SBO architecture could contribute to the space surveillance tasks survey and tracking. We assume that the SBO instrumentation is placed into a circular sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km altitude. We discuss the observation conditions of objects at higher altitude, and select an orbit close to the terminator plane. A pointing of the sensor orthogonal to the orbital plane with optimal elevation slightly in positive direction (0° and +5°) is found optimal for accessing the entire GEO regime within one day, implying a very good coverage of controlled objects in GEO, too. Simulations using ESA’s Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) in the version 2005 and a GEO reference population extracted from DISCOS revealed that the proposed pointing scenario provides low phase angles together with low angular velocities of the objects crossing the field-of-view. Radiometric simulations show that the optimal exposure time is 1–2 s, and that spherical objects in GEO with a diameter of below 1 m can be detected. The GEO population can be covered under proper illumination nearly completely, but seasonal drops of the coverage are possible. Subsequent observations of objects are on average at least every 1.5 days, not exceeding 3 days at maximum. A single observation arc spans 3° to 5° on average. Using a simulation environment that connects PROOF to AIUB’s program system CelMech we verify the consistency of the initial orbit determination for five selected test objects on subsequent days as a function of realistic astrometric noise levels. The initial orbit determination is possible. We define requirements for a correlator process essential for catalogue build-up and maintenance. Each single observation should provide an astrometric accuracy of at least 1”–1.5” so that the initially determined orbits are consistent within a few hundred kilometres for the semi-major axis, 0.01 for the eccentricity, and 0.1° for the inclination.     

考虑时变环境的基于设备退化的剩余寿命估计

进行剩余寿命估计时,需要考虑设备运行环境的作用。退化率模型是刻画外部环境对设备退化影响的一种重要模型,退化率模型分为两种:第一种是设备退化率只由外部环境状态决定,第二种是设备退化率是运行时间和外部环境的函数。本文总结了基于退化率模型的剩余寿命估计方法;指出了当外部环境用马尔科夫跳变过程描述时,利用第一种退化率模型进行剩余寿命估计中存在的问题,并举例说明;最后给出了用蒙特卡洛仿真计算基于第二种退化率模型的剩余寿命估计的方法,结果合理。     

基于黑盒测试环境的交会对接软件时序分析技术及应用

航天器空间交会对接难度大,GNC软件对任务的完成起到重要作用.由于交会对接控制软件功能复杂,时序要求严格,这对软件测试提出了很高的要求.基于黑盒测试环境,利用FPGA设计方法和时序分析技术,实现了对交会对接软件重要数据运行时序的捕获和对上下行信号相位关系的跟踪,完善了故障触发和上行注入手段.该测试环境在交会对接软件研制过程中起到重要作用.     

LEO/MEO双层空间信息网中基于身份的群组密钥管理方案

由于空间信息网中结点的移动性,在空间信息网中实现传统的群组密钥管理面临许多困难.根据空间信息网的特点,分析了空间信息网中群组密钥管理方案的需求,设计了一个适用于LEO/MEO双层空间信息网络的群组密钥管理方案,采用基于身份的思想,消除了对证书系统的依赖,能在空间信息网中灵活高效地实现.将空间信息网中的结点根据其逻辑位置划分为簇,其中簇头为MEO卫星,在密钥交换阶段中共享密钥仅由所有簇头结点决定,这种机制大大减少了通信量.方案能有效抵抗外部攻击者,并且具有前向保密性和后向保密性.仿真实验表明,方案具有很高的通信效率.     

自由漂浮空间机器人神经网络自适应补偿控制

针对更具工程价值的任务空间内的自由漂浮状态空间机器人模型不确定性末端控制问题,提出了一种自适应神经网络控制策略用于机器人末端控制.通过神经网络在线建模来逼近系统中的非线性模型,神经网络的逼近误差及外界有界扰动通过鲁棒控制器来消除,采用引入GL矩阵及其乘法算子"·"来直接辨识的各部分系统参数.该控制策略既不需要逆动态模型的估计值,同时也避免了求雅克比矩阵的逆,降低了计算量.基于李亚普诺夫理论证明了整个闭环系统全局渐近稳定.仿真结果表明了这种神经网络控制器对于任务空间的空间机器人末端控制在达到较高的精度的同时,能够满足实时性要求,具有重要的工程应用价值.     

对无控旋转目标逼近的自适应滑模控制

对追踪器逼近无控旋转目标器的轨迹和姿态六自由度控制问题进行了研究.基于适用于任意偏心率的航天器相对运动轨道和姿态动力学模型,对追踪器逼近无控旋转目标的参考轨迹和参考姿态进行了分析与设计,推导了一种用于六自由度逼近控制的自适应滑模控制器.通过仿真分析,证明了所设计的逼近参考轨迹和参考姿态的合理性,同时验证了自适应滑模控制器的有效性.